senzorji: vlažnosti: Rotronic HT-1 / temperatura: PT100 1/3 DIN razreda B obseg uporabe: -50 °C … 100 °C / 0 % RV … 100 % RV točnost pri 23 °C: ±0.8 % RV / ±0.1 K
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They are always available for opinions and explanations:
Aleksandra Lepenik, expert in temperature measurements
Measurement expert Zoran Lepenik
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By Blaž Tomaž Vertačnik, Aleksandra Lepenik; October 2023
Did you know that irregular calibrations of your gauges can be very detrimental to your process? ELPRO LEPENIK Calibration Laboratory answers all your questions in this expert article
Calibration is a set of operations to determine the difference between the reading of a measuring system and a reference value. The calibration determines the correction of the measuring system.
Below we answer an important question closely related to the accuracy of your measuring instruments and the related quality of your applications and processes – “How often do we need to calibrate and what is the recalibration period?”
There is no simple rule on how often to calibrate. It is the user of the benchmark who knows best where it is used, who uses it and, last but not least, how it is used. But it is good to ask the following question. What will be the consequences if the benchmark is inaccurate?
Different instruments have different uses. Desktop meters that measure room temperature or humidity are not subject to large fluctuations in temperature or humidity, so are less likely to give inaccurate readings over time than those used at the extreme limit of performance. The instrument may even be used at the lower and upper extremes. The biggest risk is exceeding the manufacturer’s limits. This increases the risk of the instrument malfunctioning and requires immediate recalibration. This brings us to the first condition for determining the frequency of calibration. Am I using my benchmark at the extremes of my capacity?
Each criterion has a defined lower and an early upper limit of the working range. If the instrument is used close to these limits, the interval between the two calibrations is reduced, as the measure is more likely to become inaccurate.
If the instrument is used in a harsh environment where there is a lot of dust, steam, high humidity, its accuracy may be reduced. This is especially true for electronic instruments. If an instrument with a digital display or any other digital part of the gauge is used in a demanding environment, there is a greater chance of erroneous measurements. This brings us to the next question about the frequency of calibration. What are the working conditions under which I use my benchmark?
Drift is the difference between the corrections at a point between two calibrations.
If we have two calibrations with the same calibration points, we can determine the drift of the instrument. The smaller the drift, the more accurate the instrument, the more we can trust its measured values. So we can ask ourselves the following question. What is the difference between the same calibration points between two calibrations? If the calibration results in a gauge with corrections that differ significantly from the previous calibration, it is worth considering changing the gauge.
Accidents happen everywhere. Even among the most controlled processes. The next question is, was there a bump with the meter, did it fall off? If yes, then recalibration is a must, as the gauge can no longer be trusted.
Calibration is recommended when using a new meter for the first time. Even if it is new, it does not mean that it is accurate, and we do not know its actual correction.
The most common calibration interval is 12 months. It is then up to the user to determine if this interval should be reduced or increased, based on the questions above. With an interval of more than 12 months, it is indeed very difficult to follow the developments of the benchmark and to predict its expected drift.
The figure shows the corrections of two calibrations. The difference between the corrections between two points is called drift or creep. The figure shows the expected and uniform creep of the thermometer between two calibrations over the whole range. The smaller the creep, the better the thermometer.
For the rest Frequently Asked Questions related to the topic, please contact our QA.
☏ Call us: +386 2 62 96 720
They are always available for opinions and explanations:
Aleksandra Lepenik, expert in temperature measurements
Measurement expert Zoran Lepenik
More information at: https://www.elpro.si/elpro-laboratorij-za-kalibracije/
Author Blaž Tomaž Vertačnik
February 2023
With the accreditation audit at the end of 2021, we have reconfirmed the competence of our laboratory and added two more radical
improving the best measurement capability of the laboratory.
0.04 °C in the temperature range of indicating thermometers between -30 and 250 °C; and
2% in the relative humidity area
We have applied for these improvements to improve our best measurement capability (CMC) as well as our competences and market requirements.
according to trustworthy measurements.
At ELPRO Calibration Laboratory we strive to provide our customers (users) with a calibration service and assistance for
efficient, economical and trustworthy measurements.
We do this through a system of continuous improvement, daily contacts on the ground, monitoring market needs,
monitoring legislation and science, and in particular through training on calibrations and on confidence in calibrations.
It gives the laboratory the authority to authorise expert persons to give opinions and interpretations.
So that users receive – correctly receive – professional and relevant information to which they can refer
you can rely on and trust.
‘‘In the labs, we are people working for people!”
– Aleksandra Lepenik (Article – Trust in measurement)
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Tel: +386 2 62 96 720.
They are always available for opinions and explanations:
Read more: https://www.elpro.si/elpro-laboratorij-za-kalibracije/
ROTRONIC relative humidity and temperature meter - for the paper industry
From our partner ROTRONIC we present HP-GTS – the solution for the paper and printing industry, for the precise measurement of humidity and temperature, and the related equilibrium relative humidity in the paper and printing industry.
Discussions on environmental impacts during paper storage, transport, printing and finishing have existed since the beginning of industrial paper production. Generations of professionals have had to cope with major negative impacts in order to monitor and control temperature and humidity. Despite years of testing, some relationships are still not sufficiently clarified, if at all. There is still a lot of controversy in the practice of paper converting, in particular about the relationship between the atmosphere, paper and printing. In modern production facilities, paper intended for offset printing is prepared at a relative humidity of 50 % ± 5 % and at 40 % ± 5 % for digital printing. These humidity characteristics must be continuously monitored at all stages of the production process.
To keep the paper in optimal condition for the printing process, it is wrapped in a special packaging material that protects it from environmental influences and changes. The paper manufacturer has minimal influence on how the paper bundles or fibre gaps will react to the environmental conditions in the premises of the printers, bookbinders or end-customers.
Under normal printing conditions, there are problems related to direct atmospheric conditions. When printing problems occur, such as duplication of dots, incorrect entries, overlapping, curling, edge bleed, wrong dimensions, these atmospheric effects become significant. This is more likely to happen in seasons with extreme weather conditions – hot summers and cold winters. The latter causes poor print quality, especially in the levelling process. This has a negative impact on production processes, such as incorrect entries or interruptions due to breaks.
The value describing the evolution of relative humidity as a function of temperature depends on the accuracy of the measurements made. Here, the temperature measurement must be very precise. This means using thermometers that read in tenths of degrees.
Although accurate temperature measurements are relatively simple, the same cannot be said for reliable measurements of absolute or relative humidity. The practical problem with all humidity measurements is that they are made on relatively small amounts of moisture.
At a temperature of about 20 °C, an increase in moisture content of about 2 g/m³ causes an increase in relative humidity of about 10%.
As a hygroscopic material, paper strives to achieve equilibrium with the humidity of its surroundings. For this reason, the humidity of the air inside the paper structure must be equal to the humidity of the paper bundle. This value indicates the degree of equilibrium between the relative humidity of the paper and the ambient air. The equilibrium relative humidity ( ERH ) can be defined as the value of the relative humidity of the atmosphere at a given temperature at which the paper will neither gain nor lose moisture. If there is a difference between the relative humidity (% RH) of the atmosphere where the paper is located and the ERH of the paper, water vapour exchange can occur. This results in a change in the ERH and moisture content of the paper, which affects the quality of the paper. If the % RV and ERH are equal, no exchange will occur and all parameters will remain stable. In this respect, ERH is a very important factor in ensuring paper capacity and quality.
To determine the relative humidity of the air or the equilibrium relative humidity of the paper, it is necessary to measure the change in a measurable humidity-dependent parameter. Such parameters affected by moisture fluctuations include, for example, changes in the length of paper fibres, the conductivity of electrolytes and changes in the resistivity of semiconductors. In the practice of paper production and converting, these methods are widely used in measurement and control systems. The methods used to calibrate humidity instruments are very accurate and are based on the principle of measuring the dew point and determining psychrometric differences.
By measuring the relative humidity and the atmospheric temperature, it is possible to determine whether the quality of the paper will change after unpacking, thereby adversely affecting the planned printing. A difference between ERH and external humidity of up to ± 5 % RH is acceptable. When the humidity difference is too large (> 8-10% RH), water vapour is exchanged too quickly, resulting in deformation of the paper edges. The latter leads to poorer print quality and affects the amount of paper wasted.
Paper moisture content of more than 60% ERH can extend the drying time of the ink up to three times longer than usual. The optimum atmospheric humidity for the storage and transport of paper or cardboard is approximately 45 % RH (for temperatures between 10 °C and 30 °C). By observing the above storage conditions, ink drying can be optimised when the paper bundle is collected (to avoid major temperature changes in humidity). The length of time bundles of paper or cardboard can be stored depends on the temperature difference between the bundle and the ambient conditions, and the size of the bundle. As a general rule, the storage time is between one and two days, with a difference of 10 °C and a volume of 1m3. If the paper humidity is too low (<42% RH), it can lead to static, which affects the performance of the printing machine. This takes multiple sheets at once, leading to maintenance costs and delays.
Unwanted paper changes and printing delays can be avoided by measuring the ERH of the bundles and the temperature, using a relative humidity and temperature meter. From the Rotronic range, we offer the Hygropalm HP-GTS kit with portable instruments for measuring equilibrium relative humidity and temperature (paper bundles) with state-of-the-art technology.
HP-GTS replaces the long-standing GTS and GTS-set products.
Next to the meter Hygropalm HP-GTS we offer a number of sensors of different models and other instruments:
– Sword-shaped sensors for measurements in paper bundles
– sensors for measuring relative humidity and temperature with high accuracy
– sensors for measuring humidity, temperature and dew point
– mini relative humidity and temperature sensors
– calibration devices for relative humidity sensors
KEY FUNCTIONS:
Benefits:
Areas of use, applications:
measuring humidity in bundles of paper, cardboard and textiles for paper and textile machinery and printers.
A major improvement is the HW4 software, which allows a 2-point temperature setting in the negative temperature range. This can be used for any HC2(A) sensor and/or HC2-PT100-B4 interface.
At the ELPRO Calibration Laboratory, which is accredited to SIST EN ISO/IEC 17025:2017, we also calibrate your measuring instruments to the best of our ability.
Author Katarina Žunko, source ROTRONIC: ”Hygropalm HP-GTS-Measuring device for paper industry”
January 2021
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